ColdWarNotes



THE COLD WAR- THE BIG PICTURE //AND// THE EARLY YEARS



> democratic freedom. || * Hoping to prevent the spread of communism, the US came up with a plan to stimulate the war-torn economies of European countries  *  The plan was named for Secretary of State George Marshall  ||<  || || ||<  || See Korea 9321 ||<  || 
 * < **THE YALTA CONFERENCE**
 * Meeting near the end of WWII - big 3 meet to discuss post war Europe
 * Germany will be divided, controlled by the Allies
 * Liberated Eastern European countries will have new elections
 * <span style="font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;">United Nations will be formed ||< <span style="font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;">[[image:turningpoints09:yalta.jpg width="275" height="216"]] ||
 * < <span style="font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;">[[image:turningpoints09:un.gif width="298" height="211"]] ||< <span style="font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;">**THE UNITED NATIONS**
 * International peacekeeping organization that most nations in the world belong to; founded in 1945 to promote world peace, security, and development.
 * <span style="border-collapse: separate; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px;">Five major countries: United States, USSR, Great Britain, France, China ||
 * < <span style="font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;">**<span style="font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;">CONTAINMENT **
 * <span style="font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;">Containment is the policy of blocking another nation's attempts to spread influence. During the Cold War, the US's goal was to stop the spread of communism through containment. ||< <span style="font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;">[[image:turningpoints09:kennan.jpg width="246" height="177"]] ||
 * < <span style="font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;">[[image:turningpoints09:truman.jpg width="300" height="221"]] ||< <span style="font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;">**THE TRUMAN DOCTRINE**
 * <span style="font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;">The Truman Doctrine was a policy that promised to help people that were trying to resist threats to their
 * < <span style="font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;">**THE MARSHALL PLAN** <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">
 * <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">The plan offered $13 billion in aid to western and southern Europe. <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">
 * <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">The plan helped rebuild European nations. <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
 * < <span style="font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;">[[image:turningpoints09:airlift.jpg width="289" height="194"]] ||< <span style="font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;">**THE BERLIN AIRLIFT**
 * <span style="font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;">In June 1945, the Allies had temporarily divided Germany into four zones.
 * <span style="font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;">The zones werecontrolled by the Soviet Union, France, the USA, and Great Britain.
 * <span style="font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;">The Western powers united their zones, planned to form West Germany
 * <span style="font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;">Stalin feared that a united Germany could be a threat to the Soviet Union
 * <span style="font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;">Berlin, Germany's former capitol, was within the Eastern zone and was still held by the Soviet Union.
 * <span style="font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;">Berlin had been divided into East and West Berlin.
 * <span style="font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;">Stalin wanted Western forces to abaandon Berlin, blocked access to the city.
 * <span style="font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;">Truman approved for huge amounts of food, fuel, equipment to be airlifted to Berlin for nearly a year.
 * < <span style="font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;">**NATO**
 * In 1948, there was alarm due to communist control of Eastern Europe.
 * Led to the formation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
 * This alliance included The USA, Canada, and ten Western European nations.
 * In response, Soviet Union and Eastern European Nations formed the Warsaw Pact.
 * < <span style="font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;">[[image:turningpoints09:PRCFounding.jpg]] ||< <span style="font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;">**COMMUNISM IN CHINA**
 * In September 1949, Communists defeated Anti-Communist Nationalists in a civil war in China. The Nationalists supported the US.
 * Mao Zedong became head of the new communist state.
 * Many Americans were shocked by the fall of the Nationalist Government. Many people saw this takeover as part of a Communist plan to take over the world. American fear if communism grew. ||
 * < <span style="font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;">**THE KOREAN WAR**
 * < <span style="font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;">[[image:turningpoints09:180px-Joseph_McCarthy.jpg]] ||< <span style="font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;">**MCCARTHYISM**
 * Republican Senator Joseph McCarthy of Wisconsin used the Korean war to stir up Americans' fears of communism.
 * He claimed he had a list of 205 State Department officials who belonged to the Communist Party. These charges were never proven, but McCarthy's claim triggered a search for Communists that wrecked many people's leves and careers.
 * McCarthyism became the term given to reckless charges against innocent citizens. ||
 * < <span style="font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;">**THE SPACE RACE**
 * The space race was a competition between the US and the Soviet Union in the exploration of space.
 * It began in 1957 when the Soviet Union shocked the world by sending the world's first sattelite, Sputnik, into orbit.
 * The US was worried; this meant the Soviet Union had a missile powerful enough to reach the United States. As American scientists rushed to launch a satellite, Congress set aside billions of dollars for space research. ||< <span style="font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;"> [[image:http://www.americanhistory.abc-clio.com/Images/DBImages/1224/1224473w.jpg width="296" height="299" align="top" caption="A Soviet scientist makes the final adjustments to the Sputnik 1 satellite before its launch in 1957."]] ||